What defense mechanism is indicated when learners use excuses to justify inadequate performance?

The indicated defense mechanism in this scenario is rationalization. This psychological strategy involves individuals creating logical reasons or excuses to justify behaviors and feelings that they may have difficulty accepting. When learners use excuses to explain inadequate performance, they are attempting to make their behavior seem acceptable or understandable in light of their circumstances.

Rationalization allows them to avoid facing the emotional discomfort of acknowledging their shortcomings, thereby protecting their self-esteem. By framing their performance through a lens of reasons that deflect blame or responsibility, they can maintain a more positive self-image despite the reality of the situation. This makes rationalization a common mechanism in various situations where individuals want to justify actions or outcomes that may otherwise be viewed negatively.